Death and Athlete Essay Example for Free

Death and Athlete Essay Title: The title can suggest two different things because dying young can be interpreted differently figuratively and literally. Literally, it would mean that the athlete was dying. Figuratively, it would mean that the athletes career was coming to an end earlier than expected perhaps because he was sick or injured. Paraphrase: The speaker is specifically addressing the athlete dying young but is addressing everyone in general. When you won the town race, everyone congratulated and cheered for you. However, today we bring you home after you finished your long race. Youre smart for leaving the world before glory left you. Though victory and subsequent glory comes early, it withers away faster than a rose. Now since you are dead, you cannot see or hear anything. At least your fame and glory stays with you as you died. Many peoples renown and fame left them before they left. So leave the world before fames echo fades. Then your fame will last forever and you will be well known for your achievement. Connotation: Form This poem is kind of like an eulogy because it praises the athlete who died/is dying young. In stanza 3, the speaker seems to be praising the athlete by stating, Smart lad, to slip betimes away From fields where glory does not stay. Hes basically saying, Yay. Good job on dying young. Diction The diction is relatively easy to read and seems very conventional. This makes it seem as if the poem was not specifically for the athlete or athletes but for everyone. Imagery The imagery makes the poem seem more elegiac. Stanza 3: And early though the laurel grows It withers quicker than the rose. Stanza 7: Will flock to gaze the strengthless dead Point of View The POV seems to be that of a fellow resident of the town the athlete dying young resided in. We chaired you through†¦ we bring you home Details There are a lot of details on life/death and glory/fame. Allusions There is an allusion to the time of the Greeks. It was customary in ancient Greece to crown champion athletes with wreaths with leaves from laurel trees. Stanza 3: And early though the laurel grows. Stanza 7: And round that early-laurelled head Symbolism In stanza 2, the road all runners come symbolizes life and how it eventually leads to death. In stanza 3. the laurel symbolizes glory and fame while the rose symbolizes how beauty/victory/life is ephemeral. Figurative Language In stanza 2, there is a metaphor dealing with the stiller town. Basically, there is a comparison of a cemetery/graveyard to a town. Also, in stanza 4, the shady night is a comparison of night to death. Attitude: Well, at first, I thought the tone was depressing because it was mournful of an athlete who died young. However, the speakers tone seems to be more reverential than mournful because the praises the speaker gives to the athlete makes it seem as if dying young is better. The speaker states that since he died young, his fame/glory is fresh and everlasting and that this is better than runners whom renown outran [them]. Shifts: There is shift from the first stanza to the second stanza and then from the second to the third. From then on the stanzas are mostly positive. The first stanza is quite celebratory. Everyone is celebrating the athlete who won the race. Then in the second stanza, the mood shifts from cheerful to mournful because the athlete now died. After the second stanzas, all the stanzas are more optimistic. It makes early death seems better than long life. Title: My original opinions of the title are quite similar to my current ones. Basically the poem is about a champion athlete who died early. Due to his early death, his fame lingers on because his accomplishments in life will still be remembered. The athlete in the poem literally dies but so does his career as well. However, one thing that doesnt die or decay is the athletes accomplishments. Theme(s): The main theme in this poem is between life/death and glory. Life doesn’t last forever and neither does youth nor fame. Since fame/glory is ephemeral like beauty, if you live for too long after your accomplishments, your fame/glory is bound to wither away before you do. However, if you die with achievements, your renown will be fresh and remembered. Yet the consequence to this is that you have to face bitter death.

why i want to become a doctor Essay -- essays research papers

There is one Haitian proverb that has never lost its potency, despite the atmosphere of economic adversity, numerous civil wars, and political unrest:  ¡Ã‚ °Piti, piti, wazo fe nich li. ¡Ã‚ ± Literally, the phrase means,  ¡Ã‚ °Little by little, the bird builds its nest ¡Ã‚ ±; figuratively, it represents building one ¡Ã‚ ¯s way,  ¡Ã‚ °little by little,  ¡Ã‚ ± toward one ¡Ã‚ ¯s goals in life. To further understand the saying ¡Ã‚ ¯s significance, we should first consider the nature of birds. From tailorbirds that suture leaves together to some hummingbirds and pee wee wrens that use lichen and spider webs to build their nests, we can see the resourcefulness birds demonstrate in obtaining nest-building materials. My life has been a similar process of building a metaphorical nest -- acquiring such qualities as compassion, dedication, and leadership through a variety of experiences to prepare for a successful career as a physician. As a bird builds through changing seasons, I too have prepared for the study of medicine through variously themed  ¡Ã‚ °seasons ¡Ã‚ ± in my life. During high school, for example, I focused my activities on serving the various communities of which I am a part. After joining Mt. Olivet SDA Church, I became involved with the community of Williamsville, New York -- participating in an anti-drug rally and health fair, leading local public speaking events, singing in church choirs at nursing homes, and visiting hospitalized church members. I was also a mentor and counselor for underprivileged children...

Heal hospital Essay

The healing hospital paradigm emphasizes the eradication of stress and other health risks in the healthcare environment for patients and visitors. The factors that influence these health risks are inherent to the setting of the hospital, not the illnesses being treated. For instance, patients become stressed because of painful therapeutic procedures, lack of social life, deterioration of financial status because of healthcare expenditures, etc. In order to guarantee that the patient’s well being is maintained, the amount of stress must be curtailed. Additionally, the all-inclusive care and attention components of the paradigm guarantees that the patient’s recovery process are utilized to the zenith without infringing upon their dignity and privacy. Instead of just simply curing the disease, the healing hospital paradigm incorporates the healing of the whole patient (Young & Koopsen, 2006). This is served from the paradigm’s focus on healing beyond the physical bo dy. It intends to improve the overall welfare of the individual by not only addressing the patient’s cognitive, emotional, and spiritual concerns, but also those of the family’s (Milstein, 2005). In order to develop a healing environment, certain barrier must be overcome within the context of the hospital setting. This paper will analyze the healing hospital paradigm, recognize its significance in care giving method, portray its aspects, and depict its connections to spirituality. Healing Hospital Aspects A healing hospital goes beyond windows, walls, and mortar. Its strong culture of love and caring is what sets it apart from traditional hospitals (Chapman, 2010). The healing hospital is composed of three essential aspects. Healing Environment Hospitals should be a healing physical environment. This denotes that hospitals should be free of any physical disturbances that could potentially cause stress. These outside factors consist of excessive noise, a morbid or  dull environment, and panic-inducing disorganization. In order to diminish these external environmental factors, employees must meticulously construct an organized hospital setting that complies with the aspects of a physical healing environment. Employees are given the proper training to become successful caregivers who are cognizant in patient and family interaction. This method of interaction will help patients and families cope with their grief and deal with their concerns. By engaging all five senses, the environment is designed to establish a spiritual relationship. Stefanidakis states that by choosing the appropriate colors, human behavior will be influenced to the desired effects and psychological systems will be established (2001). For example, the color green denotes a healing and nurturing environment–one symbolizing unconditional love and growth. This is due to the fact that color has the incredible ability to trigger emotional responses such as peacefulness, irritability, or cheerfulness. Furthermore, designing the hospital interior in a manner that resembles a church or temple promotes spirituality. This can be done by including religious artifacts such as rosary beads. However, the patient must feel in control of the environment in order for stress relief to occur. This control can be achieved with lighting, temperature, etc. Integrating Technology and Work Design Technology plays a large role in the healing hospital paradigm. Its interweaving into the healing hospital structure permits staff members to work with systematic efficiency, routing work in a way that amplified the patient’s and family’s comfort. In this more tranquil environment, patients receive much more sleep and, thus allow their bodies sufficient time to heal. Equipped with technological advancements such as cleaning machines with internal silencers and wireless phones for direct communication with the healthcare team, employees are competent in the effective use of this technology. Thus, they advocate a quiet and healing ambience. Developing a low stress environment, the staff is prone to fewer distractions. The lack of distraction leads to a decrease in common medical errors. The Culture of Loving Care Former executive of the Baptist Healing Hospital Trust Erie Chapman believes that the most important aspect of the healing hospital intertwined treatment with a significant component consisting of love, care, and empathy (Chapman, 2010). Constructing an intriguing culture in which the staff members are cognizant of their duties and are adept at unreservedly executing them through is a fundamental aspect of the healing hospital. All caregivers must advocate unconditional love for patients as well as visitors by incorporating it into their daily actions. Compassionate care through relationships in which the patient is the center is the basis on which the development of the healing hospital rests. Staff members inspire hope by exhibiting unconditional love through the utilization of compassionate care and the minimization of grief and stress levels of the patients and their families. Additionally, prayer strengthens hope and grounds the healing hospital in a spiritual relationship. Challenges of the Healing Hospital Environment As stated by Chapman (2010), there are five challenges that healing hospitals must conquer constantly. First, the growing amount of medical technology such as wires, tubes, and pharmaceuticals has monopolized healthcare to the point that healthcare professionals have forgotten the healing essentials such as the loving care method and the belief in the unification of body, mind, and spirit. Identifying the demand for, and providing balance between loving care and technology results in a raise in patient satisfaction. Next, the progression of technology has resulted in a tremendous focus on profits and market share rather than care. Although much ignored and neglected, the â€Å"Servants’ Heart† are faithful to their duty to provide Radical Loving Care; this is where leaders play an important role in â€Å"taking care of the people who take care of people† (Chapman, 2010). Thirdly, intimacy between patients and employees are often stripped as traditional hospitals and prisons partake in a type of institutionalism that destroys identity. By substituting patients’ clothes with hospital garments, names with identification numbers, and privacy with sharing rooms with strangers, a common institutionalism is set. Moreover, visiting hours restrictions have  the tendency to make a patient feel as though he or she is a hostage. In contrast, caregivers are often required to perform repetitive tasks with unparalleled precision. This is referred to as a â€Å"bureaucracy† or an organization that resembles a difficult-to-work-with machine (Chapman, 2010). In addition, cynicism is deleterious when it comes to caring for the patient. Believer or not, love should not be seen as a â€Å"nice thing† but as a â€Å"vital part† of patient’s recovery (Chapman, 2010). Healing is multi-faceted and and embodies the physical, emotional, and spiritual concerns of the patients. Lastly, leadership is a dig munificent component in patient healing. Given the opportunity and responsibility to prioritize loving care, leaders are encouraged to make sure their caregivers provide it. Biblical Passage Supporting the Concept of a Healing Hospital James 5:14-15 illustrates Jesus’ healing of the ill. In particular, Jesus asks if there are any ill people in the crowd. If there are, they should call for the elders of the church for an anointing with the sacred oil. This type if anointment will heal the sick because of their faith through the power of prayer (King James Version). This advocates the healing hospital paradigm since it recognizes a clear relationship between healing and prayer. This passage enforces the same belief, whereby the importance of the spiritual aspect of the healing process is brought to light. Since it is rooted in spirituality, prayer can effectively instill hope in patients and families. Though a relatively new turn in the medical profession, the healing hospital is increasingly gaining in popularity. Not only affecting the body but also the patient’s and family’s overall well being, the patient-centric attention and care facilities provided by the hospital adds to the healing hospital paradigm in a member that highlights radical love and compassionate care. Through spirituality, the healing hospital paradigm draws on hope and coping strategies, and thus forged support for its practices from both secular and religious communities. As in scriptures, a body frees itself of sin through piety and community, and with that community comes hope and solace. References Chapman, E. (2010). Radical loving care: building the healing hospital in America. Nashville, TN: Vaughn Printing. Milstein, J. (2005). A paradigm of integrative care: healing with curing throughout life, â€Å"being with† and â€Å"doing to†. Journal of Perinatology, 25, 563-568. doi: 10.1038/sj.jp.7211358 Stefanidakis, S. (2001). Healing with color and the human aura. Retrieved February 11, 2011 from www.fst.org/aura2.htm Young, C., & Koopsen, C. (2006). Spirituality, health, and healing (1 ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

Government Intervention in Agriculture Industry in...

Nowadays in Indonesia, Fruits and vegetables have become rare items due to slow distribution and poor transportation (TheJakartaPost, 2010). This will cause price of fruits and vegetables to increase due to shortage of supply. Not only that, inequality in distribution of income by farmers has take place due to lack of capital acess (TheJakartaPost, 2010). The market economy requires institution such as government to implement policies and making decisions to maintain market and avoid market failures like monopoly and negative externalities. Government intervention such as decision to guarantee continuous supplies of horticultural products will not only complement the high demand and needs for nutrition by society, but it will also avoid†¦show more content†¦While due to shortage in their supply, in June 2010 prices of rice and chili have increased by 2.67% and 45.7% (BPS, 2010). It indicates that price mechanism has been working along side with less government intervention i ncluded. If this continues, not only price will increase due to high demand and scarce of goods, but it will also affect the amount of nutrition taken by society, where fruits and vegetables are the staple food of daily diets. This clearly shows that action has to be done by the government, to varying people’s diet and to improve nutrition, and also to stabilize the prices of horticultural products as well. Government is working on a bill to improve fruit and vegetables supplies, in order to guarantee a continuous supply of horticultural products and to improve market outcome by facilitating better capital access, financing and providing guarantees (TheJakartaPost, 2010). These will prevent shortage of supply in market and will avoid prices to increase. Government will also have to come out with policy in order to achieve goal of equality. Dadi Sudiana, chairperson of Chili Agribusiness Association stated that â€Å"We always [profit less] from high priced staple foods such as red chili†. Things get worse when farmers are forced to split their profit with brokers (TheShow MoreRelatedIncreasing Number Of Infections Among Women1728 Words   |  7 Pageswelfare of children. Rather than just developing HIV and AIDS specific strategies, the different governments, development agencies and civil society must collaborate to develop and implement HIV and AIDS sensitive strategies that wi ll make a difference globally. WHO currently assists Indonesia and the rest of the global community to reduce the percentage of mother-to-child transmission to less than 5%. Indonesia with the rest of the global community is committed to progress the prevention of mother-to-childRead MoreThe Conservation Of The Sumatran Elephant1518 Words   |  7 Pagesplayed monumental roles in increasing this worrying statistic. The lack of regard to other species has caused the Sumatran Elephant to be on the brink of extinction. The Sumatran Elephant natural habitat is on the Islands of Sumatra and Borneo in Indonesia, so a fair question to ask would be why we should care and what we should do? Ultimately, like most species, the Sumatran Elephant provides a valuable balance to a healthy forest ecosystem by feeding on plants and deposit seeds. Moreover, with theRead MoreComparative Advantage in Agricultural Products in Malaysia4624 Words   |  19 Pagestonnes coming mainly from Indonesia and Malaysia with smaller amounts from Thailand and other more than 20 countries. Production in Malaysia has increased from only 1.3 million tonnes in 1975, through 4.1 million tonnes in 1985 and 7.8 million tonnes in 1995 to 17.7 million tonnes in 2008-2009. Malaysian experience in producing, trading and financing palm oil is now being exported to other countries with favourable conditions for growing the oil palm 2. In palm oil industry, Thailand’s recorded asRead MoreHistory of the Philippine Agriculture9560 Words   |  39 PagesPhilippine Agriculture over the Years: Performance, Policies and Pitfalls 1 Cielito F. Habito and Roehlano M. Briones 2 Introduction Although many still think of the Philippines as an agricultural economy, strictly speaking, it is not. Agriculture, fishery and forestry directly account for just one-fifth (20 percent) of the economy’s aggregate domestic output (GDP). Ever since the 1960s, the direct share of agriculture in the GDP had fallen below one-third, and by 1981, the sector’s share had decreasedRead MoreThe Indonesian Forest Holocaust3277 Words   |  14 Pages â€Æ' Introduction The tropical rainforest of Indonesia was once the most biologically diverse forests in the world. Its rainforests accounted for 10% of the world’s plant species, 12% of the world’s mammal species, 16% of reptile species and 17% of the bird species (Hamilton 1996). In the late 1960s, commercial exploitation of Indonesia’s natural forests became a means to boost economic development under the Suharto’s regime by enabling the government to issue logging concessions. However, the lackRead MoreThe Role Of Agriculture During The Soviet Union Age And Now1967 Words   |  8 PagesRussia Introduction Russia is a country with sufficient natural resource and labour to support its agriculture development. Agriculture is not just important to Russia’s economic contribution but also impact the agriculture market changes surround it and international market. In addition, there are some significant changes between agriculture in former Soviet Union age and now. Now the agriculture in Russia faces the challenges the opportunity at the same time. Economic background As people knowRead MorePhilippines and Vietnam Economy5126 Words   |  21 PagesPhilippines is a large country, with high population density, and a population growth rate relatively higher (2.2 percent per year in 1990-94) then the SEA standard. The ratio of urban population is high. The country spends a sizeable proportion of government budget, 16 percent in 1993, on education; and literacy rate is more than 80 percent. In the beginning of the 70s, the Philippines was one of the richest countries in Asia, next only to Japan and Malaysia, with an economic growth of around 5-6 percentRead MoreGovernment Intervention And Its Effect On Consumer Interest1820 Words   |  8 PagesGovernment intervention is when government gets involved in the markets and takes action to try to correct market failure and so improve economic efficiency (tutor2u, 2014). As for today there is no country in the world where it’s government don’t interfere. Government impose protectionist policies that are intended to support domestic producers using various instruments such as tariffs, anti dumping duties, import quotas and much more (Fouda, 2012). A variety of policies have been proposed and implementedRead MoreChina And The High Asian Economies3127 Words   |  13 Pageswell as the NIE’s of Southeast Asia, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. Controversial issues have been raised in relation to the affilia tion between the government, the private sector and the market. As a consequence of the coexistence of public policies and rapid growth in some of the HPAEs particularly Japan, Korea, Taiwan and Singapore. Moreover government intervention within these economies has been a necessity to promote development. Policy interventions, according to the World Bank report cameRead MoreComparative Education13537 Words   |  55 Pagesdomains of reference: mechanical construction, electrical construction, and economics management and computer science. Clearly, the chosen references oriented technology education in Jacques Ginestià © Analyzing Technology Education the world of industry towards electro-mechanical production, to the exclusion of other possibilities (Ginestià ©, 2001b). The main problem in introducing the TE curriculum has been to link the general aims to the specific fields (Sanders, 1999; Ginestià ©, 2004). These

A Review of an Idiot Abroad - 728 Words

An Idiot Abroad The Travel Diaries of Karl Pilkington Publisher: Canongate Year: 2011 Number of Pages: 225 Genre: Comedy ‘An Idiot Abroad – The Travel Diaries of Karl Pilkington’ is a written accompaniment to the hit television series ‘An Idiot Abroad’. The book not only re-tells the TV series, but also sports new, unseen parts from the series and offers a fresh, simple perspective on the ‘Seven Wonders of the World’. I think it’s reasonable to say that those who find themselves reading this book will have seen the Sky1 series, ‘An Idiot Abroad’ of which this book accompanies and thus, not much of an introduction to Karl is required. However for the purpose of this review, Karl Pilkington is an English television personality,†¦show more content†¦Don’t get me wrong, I enjoyed reading the book, it just wasn’t funny to me. Karl’s writing style however, was very interesting. I really enjoy reading informative writing and Karl certainly delivers in this category. Each chapter gives an in-depth look into everything Karl does. Being a diary the writing style doesn’t describe every little detail, but gives enough information and descriptive words to really draw you in. The book also features pictures taken from every trip. There are four points in the book were pictures are placed and each point consists of around 8 pages each. I really liked this as they are not only interesting to look at but fun to compare the image you’ve built up in your head with the real thing. One other thing about the structure of the book that I didn’t like was the way the ‘Karl’s Facts’ parts of the book were put in. Although informing they can sometimes break up the sentences and leave you having to go back to the last page to remember what was happening. The introduction to each chapter however, was very nice to see. It compared quotes from other books and guides on each ‘wonder’ with Karl’s view on it. This was humorous and offered a fresh perspective on the subject. My overall response to the book is that although funny in places, I feel that it really excels in the informative area. It was very interesting and, as I’ve said many times in this review, fresh. It wasn’t sophisticated and to ‘smart’, if youShow MoreRelatedInfluences Which Have Shaped My Life3562 Words   |  15 Pagesmy upset behind me and went on the second application despite the fact that this application was not to my taste. During the time that I had completed the second form, my heart and my mind both told me that I still had a dream, a dream of studying abroad. Thereupon, I started browsing any websites providing me with scholarship information. Applying for the RMIT scholarship was my first choice, but the result is the same as the one I had received in the University Entrance Examination, which made meRead MoreTwo-Wheeler Industry Analysis5353 Words   |  22 Pagesimportance of the sector. 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In Europe and the United Kingdom, where Wal-Mart is battling for Britain s Safeway grocery chain, private-label goods are 50 percent of its sales vs. 25 percent in the United States. ProductRead MoreThe 7 Doors Model for Designing Evaluating Behaviour Change Programs13191 Words   |  53 Pagesillegal to use for drinking water, and people lacked strategies for how and when to use rainwater. So, before you start, dont take the adoptability of your action as given. Try it out for yourself, and if its anything other than simple, easy and idiot-proof, consider going back to the drawing board. TRIGGERING FACTORS 5. Social influencers 6. Change spaces In the 7 Doors model, change is a social phenomenon. Virtually no one adopts a new change in a private bubble. 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An Analysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House - 1460 Words

There is a problem in present day with regard; towards sexism. Sexism is the act of one gender putting down the opposite gender as inferior. In this topic men putting down women as frail and weak minded. In the early nineteenth century in the United States there are ideas of traditionalism that survive today. Traditionalism is the old belief that all men, notably the oldest should be the head of the household and that women should be homemakers. These ideas of women still being weak mentally have brought great opposition to the idea of a female president. Traditionalist opposition has women body shamed into the fixed standard of beauty being the skinny Caucasian blonde. People still look down on women in troubled relationships as being their fault. Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House puts into criticism the problems brought by traditionalism though the story between Torvald and Nora. Where Nora has to keep a secret how she saved her husband’s life to save her marriage, because she fears a woman helping a man would shame him into leaving her. Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short tale â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† also criticizes traditionalism and argues the ideals of traditionalism encourage sexism and is damaging towards women. The story is narrated by an unnamed protagonist going through a slow descent into madness through her journal, which insinuates her husband, a physician is encouraging her madness. What these two writings illustrate is that the old traditional beliefs areShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House 1823 Words   |  8 PagesA Doll House is a play that was written by Henrik Ibsen in 1879. Nora Helmer is a wife and mother who secretly loaned money to save her husband’s, Torvald, life. Torvald views and treats Nora has a doll and she goes along with it. As conflict comes and goes Nora decides that her current life is not what she wants for herself. She no longer wants to be anyone’s â€Å"dollà ¢â‚¬  and decides to leave her family in search of independence. This play was controversial during the time it was written becauseRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House 1152 Words   |  5 PagesHenrik Ibsen’s play â€Å"A Doll House† addresses the importance of the roles women play throughout this time period. Women are thought to be like â€Å"dolls† to their husbands, by obeying their commands and keeping a good image. We see the main character, Nora Helmer struggle to keep her perfect image of a great wife as troubles start to arise. Throughout the play we begin to see Nora push through her troubles and find her true identity, Nora shifts from being the loving, perfect wife, to being a strongRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House884 Words   |  4 Pagestransform minor lies such as white lies into something more dangerous. When one works to conceal a lie, a cloud of deception hangs over those involved and can lead to the destruction of friendships, relationships, and even marriages. In Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House, he uses the motif of lies and deception to illustrate the fragileness of the Helmer’s marriage, which ultimately leads to its demise. Nora Helmer, a naà ¯ve woman who has never been given the chance to mature into an independent womanRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House995 Words   |  4 Pagesimagining and guiding the integration of all these elements belongs to the director. One of the toughest tasks of a director is to reinvigorate a socially important and renowned production while maintaining its original message and composition. Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House is a socially important realistic play that portrays the gender dynamics that plagued the nineteenth century and questions the expectations held for women in a household and society. The play is still incredibly influential because the issuesRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House 851 Words   |  4 PagesHenrik Ibsens’s, A Doll House, details the lives of the Helmers, a seemingly perfect couple. As the story progresses from act to act, it becomes quite obvious that their relationship is everything but perfect. Complic ations arise quickly when a forged loan by Nora Helmer is brought to her husband Torvald’s attention. The prejudices women experience, particularly, Nora is a definite tone in this play. Henrick Ibsen does a great job at showing both sides of the oppression of women, particularly withinRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House 1472 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"A Doll House† Playing many different characters is what Henrik Ibsen’s meant to do in A Doll House. The main characters fool people into believing they are someone other than their true selves. Nora plays her role flawlessly as she pretends to be living two different lives. Nora is Torvalds devoted and self-indulgent wife, but naively enough, she doesn’t realize she is a courageous, self-sufficient women. As the character’s progress so does Nora’s personality, she goesRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House 924 Words   |  4 PagesHenrik Ibsen once wrote a play called â€Å"A Doll House.† Back in 1879 when the play was written there was lots of controversy on whether are not they play should have been showed. It created lots of arguments because of the time that they play was done (Hemmer). In the time frame that Ibsen wrote his play it was a time where women really had no say. Women would listen to their husbands and do as they say. At the end of the original play Nora, the main character, left her husband and her kids. IbsenRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House Essay1971 Words   |  8 PagesIn Hendrik Ibsen play â€Å"A Doll House† Nora is a women who had typical women gender role in the 19th century to take care of the children and the home so that she can please her husband while her husband handles all the outside business and money as the primary care taker. Nora has always lived with a man that took care of her and told her what to do. Nora completely accepted her expectations and â€Å"conditions of the world in which she live† as Torvald put it, because she never had the opportunity toRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House 1154 Words   |  5 Pagessacrifice mean? Is it important? Sacrifice can be defined as an act of immolating someone or something. Will one might think it depends on the person to decide on the importance of the sacrifice? In light of this play, â€Å"A Doll House† written realistically by Henrik Ibsen, he has portrayed many symbols throughout the play. One of the many symbols that stood out was sacrifice. Clothing also symbolized some importance in the play and the Tarantella dance as well. However, what exactly is a symbolRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House Essay981 Words   |  4 Pagestraditional stereotypes, men are strong and dominant, while women are weak and submissive. There are moments in the person’s life when men do not appreciate their wives and go across their limits. This view sounds a lot like what Henrik Ibsen wrote about in his play, A Doll House. Ibsen presented gender roles through social roles, identity and marriage. This factors affect how the characters in the play are viewed by society. Althouth gender roles have changed over time and males and females have become more

Impact of Right to Work in India Free Essays

Economic Environment Management PROJECT Impact of the â€Å"Right to work programme† in India SUBMITTED BY – Yash Jhaveri IIM Kozhikode Batch: EPGP04: Date of Submission: 27th January 2013 Contents INTRODUCTION : Right to Work In INDIA †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 What is NREGA / MGNREGA †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. WHAT ARE THE GENERAL BENEFITS RTW / MGNREGA †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 HOW IS THE PROGRAM FINANCED? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Right to Work in India or any similar topic only for you Order Now . 4 Financing pattern †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 Release of funds †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Comparison : RTW/MGNREGA Vs other government based employment schemes †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 Impact of RIGHT TO WORK / MGNREGA †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 Increase in GDP †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 Effect on Inflation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Recommendations †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 REFERENCES †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 2 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT – KOZHIKODE INTRODUCTION : Right to Work In INDIA Every human being have rights to fundamental aspects like right to food, life and education. India is a country where approximately thirty percent of the population is below the poverty line. In order to provide millions of humans with rights to life, right to education and right to food that only have access to economic assets like labor power, providing them employment is very important. Unemployment is one of the major concern and reason for spreading poverty in India. The right to work according to Article 39 of the Indian Constitution urges the State to ensure that â€Å"the citizens, men and women equally, have the right to an adequate means to livelihood†, and that â€Å"there is equal pay for equal work for both men and women. RIGHT TO WORK Program is implemented in India under Mahatma Gandhi national rural employment guarantee act – MGNREGA. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005 (MGNREGA) was notified in 2005, 7TH Septmeber. What is NREGA / MGNREGA Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act was earlier knows as NRGEA. Main aim of this program is to enhance the livelihood andsecurity of people residing in rural areas. This act guarantees a minimum 100 days of wage-employment in a financial year to a rural household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. Important original provisions of the MGNREGA are as outlined below: i. Every household in the rural India shall have a right to a minimum of 100 days of guaranteed employment every year for minimum one adult (above 18 years of age) member, for doing UNSKILLED manual labour, compensation for which is fixed at Rs 120 (one hUndred twenty only) on daily basis. ii. Only productive work shall be undertaken under this program. A list of permissible and preferred works has to be prepared by a state council who shall implement the program. Such preferred works are identified basis the benefits of socio-economical work, the contribution made by such socio-economical work to social equity, and the ability of such work to create assets on permanent basis iii. For successful implementation and for labourers benefit the up-gradation of kills are required of unskilled workers. The program may provide such training and expenses towards these trainings iv. Taking into the consideration the guide lines of states council, Wages to such labourers to be paid in cash or in kind or both. v. To make it easy for the applicant, the program states that employment shall be provided within a radius of 5 kilometres of the village where the applicant resides at the time of applying. In cases where employment is provided beyond such limit of 5 kilometres , transport allowances and daily living allowances shall be paid in accordance with Programme Rules; vi. Given the scenario where at least twenty women are employed at a site, a provision shall be made for one of them to be deputed to look after all / any children under the age of six who may be brought to the worksite if they accompany their parents. The person deputed for such task of minding the children shall be paid the statutory minimum wage; vii. A small portion of the wages not exceeding 5% may be deducted as a contribution to welfare schemes organized for the benefit of labourers employed under the Programme. These welfare schemes are insurance: health and accident, survivor benefits, maternity benefits and social security schemes. 3 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT – KOZHIKODE WHAT ARE THE GENERAL BENEFITS RTW / MGNREGA: i. ii. The program provides social protection by providing employment opportunities to the people living in rural India. The program promises livelihood security for the underprivileged and poor through creation of durable assets, improved water conditions and security, soil conversion and as a result of soil conversion higher land productivity The program provides services like drought-proofing and flood management in rural India Through the processes of a rights-based legislation, this program empowers the socially disadvantaged, specifically women, Scheduled Castes and Schedules Tribes The program ensures strengthening decentralized and participatory planning through convergence of various initiatives like anti-poverty and livelihood The program works on grass root levels by deepening democracy by strengthening Panchayati Raj Institutions MGNREGA is a powerful tool which implements transparency and accountability in governance thereby ensuring inclusive growth in rural India. This is because of its impact on social protection, security of livelihood and democratic empowerment. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. HOW IS THE PROGRAM FINANCED? Financing pattern The center will bear the appended costs. 1. For unskilled manual workers: 100% cost of wages 2. For semi skilled and skilled workers :75% cost of wages and material 3. All administrative expense as determined and as per guidelines of central government which essentially includes salary and allowances of program officers and their support staff and work site facilities 4. Administrative expenses of CEGC The state will bear the appended costs 1. For semi skilled and skilled workers:25% cost of wages and material 2. If in case the state government cannot provide wage employment within 15 days of application, the state government to pay unemployment allowance to the applicant. 3. Administrative expenses of SEGC Release of funds: 1. Unlike in other state run programs where the funds are pre allocated, in this programme , the release of funds is wholly dependent upon the proposals given by the state 2. The ministry of rural development will decide on the sanction of funds once it receives state’s formulated annual work plan and budget proposal. (AWBP) 3. The annual work plan and budget proposal is based on the demands of funds received from the state’s districts and panchayats of districts 4. AWBP also reports the use the of previous funds received by the state and also on key performance indicators determine under the scheme enabling an assessment of proposals received by state government. The said assessment is of qualitative nature. This enables the ministry to decide on the finalizing the amount for the state for the given financial year. The actual disbursement of funds to the state also depends upon the utilization of funds previously allocated for the same state. 4 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT – KOZHIKODE 5. The district programme coordinator or the state applies to the ministry of rural development , once the 60% of funds released earlier are utilized, for next round of funding under CEGF 6. On receipt to disbursement of funds by the center, the state government will release the funds to the program within 15 days. Comparison : RTW/MGNREGA Vs other government based employment schemes There are a few valid reasons why a right to work- guarantee of employment works better as compared to fly by night program introduced by center and state: †¢ guarantee of employment increases the purchasing capacity of those who are demanding work †¢ This program ensures the inclusion of the poorest of the poor in employment schemes. †¢ The Program brings a sense of security in the laborers lives. Employment guarantee programme boosts the confidence of laborers with respect to high local employment prospect and hence discourage season based migration, most laborers resort to in difficult times. Right to work is A legally binding employment guarantee program is far more durable and reliable than fly by night schemes and programs run by state government which have proven on more than one occasions to be extremely short-lived. Impact of RIGHT TO WORK / MGNREGA Increase in GDP Planned expenditure of gov ernment is increasing as government is spending (budgeted 33,000 crore for 2012-13) on welfare or construction projects to give work to the unemployed people. A substantial part of this spending goes as the wages to the direct labour. As marginal propensity to consume (MPC) of this labourers is very close to 1, the effect of this government expenditure to the increase of GDP will be very high , which in turn leads to high growth in GDP. As per Keynesian model , increase in the government expenditure will make the GDP grow which in turn amounts for higher output. MGNREGA as Accelerator High proportion of agricultural population actually owns land. After spending on normal consumption for livelihood, the amount saved is mostly spent on their own farms. So the production from their land also increases leading to further increase in GDP. Change in Interest Rates As we have already discussed, because of the MGNREGA, GDP is supposed to increase, interest rate is higher than earlier. Because of the increase in government spending, consumption also increases, i. e. , demand in the goods market increases leading to a rightward shift of the demand curve. With an increase in output, interest rate also increases. As interest rate increase, investors will be less willing to borrow money from banks. As a result, capital Investment will come down. Decreasing investment will have a negative effect on GDP which will eventually come down. So the net effect on GDP by government sPending for MGNREGA employment will be little less. 5 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT – KOZHIKODE Effect on Inflation Because of the MGNREGA, (i) unemployment is reducing and (ii) people who had a no / nominal income previously are now having nominal /higher income. The overall effect would be reduction of unemployment in the economy. MGNREGA leads to inflation but only in the short run. The higher wage rates in MGNREGA increases the wages of the workers who are working under MGNREGA thereby increasing their marginal propensity to consume. This leads to increase in the demand of food items. In the short run this leads to increase in the prices of the commodities mainly the food items and thus leading to increase in inflation. Also the workers employed under MGNREGA are unavailable for agricultural work during the harvest season, this leads to shortage of farm workers. As a result labourers need to be hired by offering higher wages than that offered under NREGA. As the cost of labour is increased, the effect of this can be observed in the form of increase in the prices of the farm output and thus shifting the Aggregate supply AS curve to the left. The above mentioned phenomenon can be observed only in the short run because in the long run the infrastructure activities carried out under MGNREGA like construction of wells and dams for irrigation purpose, leveling of roads and water conservation and harvesting will increase the farm output produced thereby leading to increase in the supply of food items thus shifting the AS curve back to the right and thus reducing inflation. Implications Since its inception, the Act has generated 1112. 03 crore person-days. Almost 70% of the MG NREGA labour. The average wage earned has risen from ? 65 per person day in 2006 to ? 100 in 2011. Inclusive Growth – The share of SC/ST families in the work provided under MGNREGA over the previous five years has ranged between 51-61%. Women workforce participation under the Scheme has surpassed the statutory minimum requirement of 33 per cent. Over the previous five years it has ranged between 40-48%. In 2011, there were allegations that the prog ramme was no more effective than other poverty alleviation plans in India. Rumors and reports had a buzz of corruption, controversy and scam written all over MGNREGA. Corrupt officials puncturing the budgets that are allocated, government expenditure routed from the funds for deficit financing, poor quality of infrastructure built under this program, were some of the issues that were being pointed at and questioned. 6 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT – KOZHIKODE Recommendations The MGNREGA scheme has been designed as a supply-based model, where the number of works undertaken is dependent on the amount of labourers that register with the scheme. This caters to the primary objective of generating wage employment in India. Although to ensure quality-driven growth, the model has to incorporate a demand-based side, where the labourers are given work according to the value-addition required. The clause about providing an employment within five kilometers of the residence of a labourer needs tweaking. 7 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT – KOZHIKODE REFERENCES * NREGA Report to the people – 2nd Feb ‘12 (http://nrega. nic. in/circular/Report%20to%20the%20people_english%20web. pdf) * NREGA Website (http://nrega. nic. in/netnrega/home. aspx) * ‘The Macroeconomics of NREGA’ – Live Mint article (http://www. livemint. com/Opinion/nKoASa6hFXSX3w8Wd0EeWI/Views–The-macroeconomicsof-Nrega. html) * Macroeconomics – N. Gregory Mankiw * ‘The Modern Minimum-Wage Controversy and Its Antecedents’ – A paper by Thomas C. Leonard How to cite Impact of Right to Work in India, Papers